Python sana va vaqt (dates)

Python sanalari

Python’da sana o‘ziga xos ma’lumotlar turi emas, lekin sanalar bilan ishlash uchundatetimenomli modulni import qilishimiz mumkin.

Misol

Datetime modulini import qiling va joriy sanani ko‘rsating:

import datetime x = datetime.datetime.now() print(x)

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Chiqish sanasi

Yuqoridagi misoldagi kodni bajarganimizda, natija quyidagicha bo‘ladi:

Sana yil, oy, kun, soat, daqiqa, soniya va mikrosoniyani o‘z ichiga oladi.

datetime modulida sana obyekti haqidagi ma’lumotlarni qaytarishning ko‘plab usullari mavjud.

Mana bir nechta misollar, ular haqida keyinroq ushbu bobda bilib olasiz:

Misol

Ish kunining yili va nomini qaytaring:

import datetime x = datetime.datetime.now() print(x.year) print(x.strftime("%A"))

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Sana obyektlarini yaratish

Sana yaratish uchun bizdatetimemodulining datetime() sinfidan (konstruktor) foydalanishimiz mumkin.

datetime() klassi sana yaratish uchun uchta parametrni talab qiladi: yil, oy, kun.

Misol

Sana obyektini yarating:

import datetime x = datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 17) print(x)

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datetime() klassi, shuningdek, vaqt va vaqt mintaqasi (soat, daqiqa, soniya, mikrosekund, tzone) uchun parametrlarni oladi, lekin ular ixtiyoriy va standart qiymati 0, (vaqt mintaqasi uchun None).

strftime() usuli

datetime obyektida sana obyektlarini o‘qilishi mumkin bo‘lgan stringlarga formatlash usuli mavjud.

Usul strftime() deb ataladi va qaytarilgan stringningformatni belgilash uchun bitta parametr,formatni oladi:

Misol

Oy nomini ko‘rsating:

import datetime x = datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 1) print(x.strftime("%B"))

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Barcha huquqiy format kodlariga havola:

Directive	Tavsif	Misol	Try it
%a	Weekday, short version	Wed	Try it »
%A	Weekday, full version	Wednesday	Try it »
%w	Hafta kuni 0-6 oralig‘idagi son sifatida, 0 — yakshanba	3	Try it »
%d	Oyning kuni 01-31	31	Try it »
%b	Month name, short version	Dec	Try it »
%B	Month name, full version	December	Try it »
%m	Oy 01-12 oralig‘idagi son sifatida	12	Try it »
%y	Year, short version, without century	18	Try it »
%Y	Year, full version	2018	Try it »
%H	Hour 00-23	17	Try it »
%I	Hour 00-12	05	Try it »
%p	AM/PM	PM	Try it »
%M	Minute 00-59	41	Try it »
%S	Second 00-59	08	Try it »
%f	Microsecond 000000-999999	548513	Try it »
%z	UTC offset	+0100
%Z	Timezone	CST
%j	Yilning kun raqami 001-366	365	Try it »
%U	Yilning hafta raqami, haftaning birinchi kuni yakshanba, 00-53	52	Try it »
%W	Yilning hafta raqami, haftaning birinchi kuni dushanba, 00-53	52	Try it »
%c	Sana va vaqtning mahalliy ko‘rinishi	Mon Dec 31 17:41:00 2018	Try it »
%C	Century	20	Try it »
%x	Sananing mahalliy ko‘rinishi	12/31/18	Try it »
%X	Vaqtning mahalliy ko‘rinishi	17:41:00	Try it »
%%	% belgisi	%	Try it »
%G	ISO 8601 year	2018	Try it »
%u	ISO 8601 weekday (1-7)	1	Try it »
%V	ISO 8601 weeknumber (01-53)	01	Try it »

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