XML RDF
RDF hujjati misoli
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:si="https://www.w3schools.com/rdf/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.w3schools.com">
<si:title>W3Schools</si:title>
<si:author>Jan Egil Refsnes</si:author>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
RDF nima?
- RDF — Resource Description Framework (resurslarni tavsiflash freymvorki) so‘zlarining qisqartmasi
- RDF — vebdagi resurslarni tavsiflash uchun freymvork
- RDF kompyuterlar o‘qishi va tushunishi uchun mo‘ljallangan
- RDF odamlarga ko‘rsatish uchun mo‘ljallanmagan
- RDF XML’da yoziladi
- RDF W3C’ning Semantik Veb faoliyatining (Semantic Web Activity) bir qismi
- RDF 2004-yil 10-fevraldan beri W3C tavsiyasi (Recommendation) hisoblanadi
RDF - foydalanish misollari
- Xarid qilinadigan mahsulotlarning narx va mavjudlik kabi xususiyatlarini tavsiflash
- Veb-tadbirlarning vaqt jadvallarini tavsiflash
- Veb-sahifalar haqidagi ma’lumotlarni tavsiflash (mazmuni, muallifi, yaratilgan va o‘zgartirilgan sanasi)
- Veb-rasmlarning mazmuni va reytingini tavsiflash
- Qidiruv tizimlari uchun kontentni tavsiflash
- Elektron kutubxonalarni tavsiflash
RDF kompyuterlar o‘qishi uchun mo‘ljallangan
RDF ma’lumotlarni kompyuter ilovalari o‘qiy va tushuna oladigan tarzda tavsiflashning umumiy usulini taqdim etish uchun yaratilgan.
RDF tavsiflari vebda ko‘rsatish uchun mo‘ljallanmagan.
RDF XML’da yoziladi
RDF hujjatlari XML’da yoziladi. RDF foydalanadigan XML tili RDF/XML deb ataladi.
XML’dan foydalanilgani sababli RDF ma’lumotlarini turli operatsion tizimlar va ilova tillaridan foydalanadigan turli xil kompyuterlar o‘rtasida oson almashish mumkin.
RDF va "Semantik Veb"
RDF tili W3C’ning Semantik Veb faoliyatining (Semantic Web Activity) bir qismidir. W3C’ning "Semantik Veb g‘oyasi" (Semantic Web Vision) quyidagi kelajakni ko‘zda tutadi:
- Vebdagi ma’lumotlar aniq ma’noga ega
- Vebdagi ma’lumotlarni kompyuterlar tushuna va qayta ishlay oladi
- Kompyuterlar vebdagi ma’lumotlarni birlashtira (integratsiya qila) oladi
RDF resurslarni aniqlash uchun veb-identifikatorlardan (URI) foydalanadi.
RDF resurslarni xususiyatlar va xususiyat qiymatlari orqali tavsiflaydi.
RDF resursi, xususiyati va xususiyat qiymati
RDF narsalarni veb-identifikatorlar (URI) yordamida aniqlaydi va resurslarni xususiyatlar hamda xususiyat qiymatlari orqali tavsiflaydi.
Resurs, xususiyat va xususiyat qiymatining izohi:
- Resurs — URI’ga ega bo‘la oladigan har qanday narsa, masalan, "https://www.w3schools.com/rdf"
- Xususiyat — nomga ega bo‘lgan resurs, masalan, "author" yoki "homepage"
- Xususiyat qiymati — xususiyatning qiymati, masalan, "Jan Egil Refsnes" yoki "https://www.w3schools.com" (e’tibor bering, xususiyat qiymati boshqa resurs ham bo‘lishi mumkin)
Quyidagi RDF hujjati "https://www.w3schools.com/rdf" resursini tavsiflashi mumkin:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<RDF>
<Description about="https://www.w3schools.com/rdf">
<author>Jan Egil Refsnes</author>
<homepage>https://www.w3schools.com</homepage>
</Description>
</RDF>Yuqoridagi misol soddalashtirilgan. Nomlar fazolari tushirib qoldirilgan.
RDF tasdiqlari (statements)
Resurs, xususiyat va xususiyat qiymatining birikmasi tasdiqni (Statement) hosil qiladi (ular tasdiqning subyekti, predikati va obyekti deb ataladi).
Yaxshiroq tushunish uchun bir nechta tasdiq misollarini ko‘rib chiqamiz:
Tasdiq: "https://www.w3schools.com/rdf sahifasining muallifi — Jan Egil Refsnes".
- Yuqoridagi tasdiqning subyekti: https://www.w3schools.com/rdf
- Predikat: author
- Obyekt: Jan Egil Refsnes
Tasdiq: "https://www.w3schools.com/rdf sahifasining bosh sahifasi — https://www.w3schools.com".
- Yuqoridagi tasdiqning subyekti: https://www.w3schools.com/rdf
- Predikat: homepage
- Obyekt: https://www.w3schools.com
RDF misoli
Quyida CD ro‘yxatidan ikkita yozuv keltirilgan:
| Nomi | Ijrochi | Mamlakat | Kompaniya | Narx | Yil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empire Burlesque | Bob Dylan | USA | Columbia | 10.90 | 1985 |
| Hide your heart | Bonnie Tyler | UK | CBS Records | 9.90 | 1988 |
Quyida RDF hujjatidan bir necha qator keltirilgan:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque">
<cd:artist>Bob Dylan</cd:artist>
<cd:country>USA</cd:country>
<cd:company>Columbia</cd:company>
<cd:price>10.90</cd:price>
<cd:year>1985</cd:year>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Hide your heart">
<cd:artist>Bonnie Tyler</cd:artist>
<cd:country>UK</cd:country>
<cd:company>CBS Records</cd:company>
<cd:price>9.90</cd:price>
<cd:year>1988</cd:year>
</rdf:Description>
.
.
.
</rdf:RDF>RDF hujjatining birinchi qatori — XML e’loni. XML e’lonidan keyin RDF hujjatlarining ildiz elementi keladi: <rdf:RDF>.
xmlns:rdf nomlar fazosi rdf prefiksli elementlar "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" nomlar fazosiga tegishli ekanini belgilaydi.
xmlns:cd nomlar fazosi cd prefiksli elementlar "http://www.recshop.fake/cd#" nomlar fazosiga tegishli ekanini belgilaydi.
<rdf:Description> elementi rdf:about atributi orqali aniqlangan resursning tavsifini o‘z ichiga oladi.
Elementlar: <cd:artist>, <cd:country>, <cd:company>, va hokazo — resursning xususiyatlaridir.
RDF onlayn validatori
W3C’ning RDF tekshirish xizmati (RDF Validation Service) RDF’ni o‘rganishda foydali. Bu yerda RDF fayllari bilan tajriba o‘tkazishingiz mumkin.
Onlayn RDF validatori RDF hujjatingizni tahlil qiladi (parse), sintaksisingizni tekshiradi hamda RDF hujjatingizning jadval va grafik ko‘rinishlarini hosil qiladi.
Quyidagi misolni nusxalab, W3C’ning RDF validatoriga joylashtiring:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:si="https://www.w3schools.com/rdf/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.w3schools.com">
<si:title>W3Schools.com</si:title>
<si:author>Jan Egil Refsnes</si:author>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>Yuqoridagi misolni tahlil qilganingizda (parse), natija taxminan quyidagicha bo‘ladi.
RDF elementlari
RDF’ning asosiy elementlari — ildiz element <RDF> va resursni aniqlaydigan <Description> elementi.
<rdf:RDF> elementi
<rdf:RDF> — RDF hujjatining ildiz elementi. U XML hujjatini RDF hujjati sifatida belgilaydi. Shuningdek, u RDF nomlar fazosiga havolani ham o‘z ichiga oladi:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
...Tavsif shu yerga yoziladi...
</rdf:RDF><rdf:Description> elementi
<rdf:Description> elementi about atributi yordamida resursni aniqlaydi.
<rdf:Description> elementi resursni tavsiflaydigan elementlarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque">
<cd:artist>Bob Dylan</cd:artist>
<cd:country>USA</cd:country>
<cd:company>Columbia</cd:company>
<cd:price>10.90</cd:price>
<cd:year>1985</cd:year>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>artist, country, company, price va year elementlari http://www.recshop.fake/cd# nomlar fazosida belgilangan. Bu nomlar fazosi RDF’dan tashqarida joylashgan (va RDF’ning bir qismi emas). RDF faqat freymvorkni belgilaydi. artist, country, company, price va year elementlari boshqa kimdir (kompaniya, tashkilot, shaxs va h.k.) tomonidan belgilanishi kerak.
Xususiyatlar atribut sifatida
Xususiyat elementlarini (elementlar o‘rniga) atributlar sifatida ham belgilash mumkin:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"
cd:artist="Bob Dylan" cd:country="USA"
cd:company="Columbia" cd:price="10.90"
cd:year="1985" />
</rdf:RDF>Xususiyatlar resurs sifatida
Xususiyat elementlarini resurslar sifatida ham belgilash mumkin:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque">
<cd:artist rdf:resource="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/dylan" />
...
...
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>Yuqoridagi misolda artist xususiyatining qiymati yo‘q, uning o‘rnida ijrochi haqidagi ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga olgan resursga havola bor.
RDF konteynerlari
RDF konteynerlari narsalar guruhini tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi.
Guruhlarni tavsiflash uchun quyidagi RDF elementlari ishlatiladi: <Bag>, <Seq> va <Alt>.
<rdf:Bag> elementi
<rdf:Bag> elementi muayyan tartibda bo‘lishi shart bo‘lmagan qiymatlar ro‘yxatini tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi.
<rdf:Bag> elementi takroriy qiymatlarni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin.
Misol
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Beatles">
<cd:artist>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>John</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Paul</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>George</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Ringo</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</cd:artist>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF><rdf:Seq> elementi
<rdf:Seq> elementi tartiblangan qiymatlar ro‘yxatini (masalan, alifbo tartibida) tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi.
<rdf:Seq> elementi takroriy qiymatlarni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin.
Misol
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Beatles">
<cd:artist>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li>George</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>John</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Paul</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Ringo</rdf:li>
</rdf:Seq>
</cd:artist>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF><rdf:Alt> elementi
<rdf:Alt> elementi muqobil qiymatlar ro‘yxatini tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi (foydalanuvchi qiymatlardan faqat bittasini tanlashi mumkin).
Misol
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Beatles">
<cd:format>
<rdf:Alt>
<rdf:li>CD</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Record</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Tape</rdf:li>
</rdf:Alt>
</cd:format>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>RDF atamalari
Yuqoridagi misollarda konteyner elementlarini tavsiflashda "qiymatlar ro‘yxati" haqida gapirdik. RDF’da bu "qiymatlar ro‘yxati" a’zolar (members) deb ataladi.
Demak, bizda quyidagilar bor:
- Konteyner — narsalarni o‘z ichiga olgan resurs
- Uning ichidagi narsalar a’zolar (members) deb ataladi ("qiymatlar ro‘yxati" emas)
RDF kolleksiyalari
RDF kolleksiyalari FAQAT ko‘rsatilgan a’zolarni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin bo‘lgan guruhlarni tavsiflaydi.
rdf:parseType="Collection" atributi
Oldingi bobda ko‘rganimizdek, konteyner undagi resurslar a’zo ekanini bildiradi, lekin boshqa a’zolarga ruxsat berilmasligini aytmaydi.
RDF kolleksiyalari FAQAT ko‘rsatilgan a’zolarni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin bo‘lgan guruhlarni tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi.
Kolleksiya rdf:parseType="Collection" atributi orqali tavsiflanadi.
Misol
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:cd="http://recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://recshop.fake/cd/Beatles">
<cd:artist rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://recshop.fake/cd/Beatles/George"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://recshop.fake/cd/Beatles/John"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://recshop.fake/cd/Beatles/Paul"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://recshop.fake/cd/Beatles/Ringo"/>
</cd:artist>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>RDF Schema va ilova sinflari
RDF Schema (RDFS) — RDF’ning kengaytmasi.
RDF resurslarni sinflar, xususiyatlar va qiymatlar orqali tavsiflaydi.
Bundan tashqari, RDF’ga ilovaga xos sinflar va xususiyatlarni belgilash usuli ham kerak. Ilovaga xos sinflar va xususiyatlar RDF kengaytmalari yordamida belgilanishi kerak.
Shunday kengaytmalardan biri — RDF Schema.
RDF Schema (RDFS)
RDF Schema ilovaga xos sinflar va xususiyatlarning o‘zini taqdim etmaydi.
Buning o‘rniga RDF Schema ilovaga xos sinflar va xususiyatlarni tavsiflash uchun freymvork taqdim etadi.
RDF Schema’dagi sinflar obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash tillaridagi sinflarga juda o‘xshaydi. Bu resurslarni sinflarning nusxalari (instance) va sinflarning quyi sinflari sifatida belgilash imkonini beradi.
RDFS misoli
Quyidagi misol RDFS’ning ba’zi imkoniyatlarini namoyish etadi:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xml:base="http://www.animals.fake/animals#">
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="animal">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="horse">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>Yuqoridagi misolda "horse" resursi "animal" sinfining quyi sinfi hisoblanadi.
Qisqartirilgan misol
RDFS sinfi RDF resursi bo‘lgani uchun yuqoridagi misolni rdf:Description o‘rniga rdfs:Class’dan foydalanib va rdf:type ma’lumotini tushirib qoldirib qisqartirishimiz mumkin:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xml:base="http://www.animals.fake/animals#">
<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="animal" />
<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="horse">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/>
</rdfs:Class>
</rdf:RDF>Hammasi shu!
Dublin Core
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) hujjatlarni tavsiflash uchun bir qancha oldindan belgilangan xususiyatlarni yaratgan.
RDF — metama’lumotlar (ma’lumotlar haqidagi ma’lumotlar). RDF axborot resurslarini tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladi.
Dublin Core — hujjatlarni tavsiflash uchun oldindan belgilangan xususiyatlar to‘plami.
Dastlabki Dublin Core xususiyatlari 1995-yilda Ogayo shtatining Dublin shahrida bo‘lib o‘tgan Metadata Workshop’da belgilangan va hozirda Dublin Core Metadata Initiative tomonidan qo‘llab-quvvatlanadi.
| Xususiyat | Ta’rif |
|---|---|
| Hissa qo‘shuvchi | Resurs mazmuniga hissa qo‘shish uchun mas’ul shaxs yoki tashkilot |
| Qamrov | Resurs mazmunining ko‘lami yoki qamrovi |
| Yaratuvchi | Resurs mazmunini yaratish uchun asosiy mas’ul shaxs yoki tashkilot |
| Format | Resursning jismoniy yoki raqamli ko‘rinishi |
| Sana | Resurs hayotiy siklidagi biror hodisaning sanasi |
| Tavsif | Resurs mazmunining bayoni |
| Identifikator | Muayyan kontekstda resursga bir ma’noli havola |
| Til | Resursning intellektual mazmuni tili |
| Nashr etuvchi | Resursni foydalanish uchun taqdim etishga mas’ul shaxs yoki tashkilot |
| Bog‘liqlik | Bog‘liq resursga havola |
| Huquqlar | Resursga oid va unga nisbatan mavjud huquqlar haqidagi ma’lumot |
| Manba | Joriy resurs olingan resursga havola |
| Mavzu | Resurs mazmunining mavzusi |
| Nomi | Resursga berilgan nom |
| Tip | Resurs mazmunining tabiati yoki janri |
Yuqoridagi jadvalga qisqacha nazar tashlasak, RDF Dublin Core ma’lumotlarini ifodalash uchun ideal ekanini ko‘rish mumkin.
RDF misoli
Quyidagi misol RDF hujjatida ba’zi Dublin Core xususiyatlaridan foydalanishni ko‘rsatadi:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc= "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.w3schools.com">
<dc:description>W3Schools - Free tutorials</dc:description>
<dc:publisher>Refsnes Data as</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2008-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:type>Web Development</dc:type>
<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>RDF ma’lumotnomasi
RDF nomlar fazosi (xmlns:rdf): http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
RDFS nomlar fazosi (xmlns:rdfs ): http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
RDF fayllari uchun tavsiya etilgan fayl kengaytmasi — .rdf. Biroq eski XML parserlari bilan moslikni ta’minlash uchun ko‘pincha .xml kengaytmasi ishlatiladi.
MIME turi "application/rdf+xml" bo‘lishi kerak.
RDFS / RDF sinflari
| Element | Nimalar sinfi | Qaysi sinfning quyi sinfi |
|---|---|---|
| rdfs:Class | Barcha sinflar | |
| rdfs:Datatype | Ma’lumot tiplari | Class |
| rdfs:Resource | Barcha resurslar | Class |
| rdfs:Container | Konteynerlar | Resource |
| rdfs:Literal | Literal qiymatlar (matn va sonlar) | Resource |
| rdf:List | Ro‘yxatlar | Resource |
| rdf:Property | Xususiyatlar | Resource |
| rdf:Statement | Tasdiqlar (statements) | Resource |
| rdf:Alt | Muqobillar konteynerlari | Container |
| rdf:Bag | Tartiblanmagan konteynerlar | Container |
| rdf:Seq | Tartiblangan konteynerlar | Container |
| rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty | Konteynerga a’zolik xususiyatlari | Xususiyat |
| rdf:XMLLiteral | XML literal qiymatlar | Literal |
RDFS / RDF xususiyatlari
| Element | Aniqlanish sohasi (domain) | Qiymatlar sohasi (range) | Tavsif |
|---|---|---|---|
| rdfs:domain | Xususiyat | Class | Resursning aniqlanish sohasi |
| rdfs:range | Xususiyat | Class | Resursning qiymatlar sohasi |
| rdfs:subPropertyOf | Xususiyat | Xususiyat | Xususiyat boshqa xususiyatning quyi xususiyati hisoblanadi |
| rdfs:subClassOf | Class | Class | Resurs biror sinfning quyi sinfi hisoblanadi |
| rdfs:comment | Resource | Literal | Resursning inson o‘qiy oladigan tavsifi |
| rdfs:label | Resource | Literal | Resursning inson o‘qiy oladigan yorlig‘i (nomi) |
| rdfs:isDefinedBy | Resource | Resource | Resursning ta’rifi |
| rdfs:seeAlso | Resource | Resource | Resurs haqidagi qo‘shimcha ma’lumot |
| rdfs:member | Resource | Resource | Resursning a’zosi |
| rdf:first | List | Resource | |
| rdf:rest | List | List | |
| rdf:subject | Statement | Resource | RDF tasdiqidagi resursning subyekti |
| rdf:predicate | Statement | Resource | RDF tasdiqidagi resursning predikati |
| rdf:object | Statement | Resource | RDF tasdiqidagi resursning obyekti |
| rdf:value | Resource | Resource | Qiymatlar uchun ishlatiladigan xususiyat |
| rdf:type | Resource | Class | Resurs biror sinfning nusxasi (instance) hisoblanadi |
RDF atributlari
| Atribut | Tavsif |
|---|---|
| rdf:about | Tavsiflanayotgan resursni belgilaydi |
| rdf:Description | Resurs tavsifi uchun konteyner |
| rdf:resource | Xususiyatni aniqlash uchun resursni belgilaydi |
| rdf:datatype | Elementning ma’lumot tipini belgilaydi |
| rdf:ID | Elementning ID’sini belgilaydi |
| rdf:li | Ro‘yxatni belgilaydi |
| rdf:_n | Tugunni belgilaydi |
| rdf:nodeID | Element tugunining ID’sini belgilaydi |
| rdf:parseType | Element qanday tahlil qilinishi (parse) kerakligini belgilaydi |
| rdf:RDF | RDF hujjatining ildizi |
| xml:base | XML bazasini (base) belgilaydi |
| xml:lang | Element tarkibining tilini belgilaydi |
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