Ulanishni tekshirish (ping)

ping buyrug‘idan foydalanish

ping buyrug‘i tarmoqdagi xostlarga ICMP ECHO_REQUEST so‘rovlarini yuborish uchun ishlatiladi.

Bu tarmoq ulanishini tekshirish va tarmoqdagi muammolarni aniqlash uchun foydali vosita.

Asosiy foydalanish

Xostni ping qilish uchun ping hostname buyrug‘ini ishlating:

ping google.com
Pinging google.com [142.250.74.110] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 142.250.74.110: bytes=32 time=79ms TTL=57
Reply from 142.250.74.110: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=57
Reply from 142.250.74.110: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=57
Reply from 142.250.74.110: bytes=32 time=38ms TTL=57

Ping statistics for 142.250.74.110:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 38ms, Maximum = 79ms, Average = 54ms

Parametrlar

ping buyrug‘ida uning ishlashini o‘zgartiruvchi parametrlar mavjud:

• -c - Belgilangan miqdordagi ping so‘rovlarini yuborish
• -i - Har bir paketni yuborish orasida belgilangan soniya kutish
• -t - IP paketining yashash vaqtini (TTL) belgilash
• -q - Jim rejim: faqat yakuniy xulosani ko‘rsatish
• -s - Yuboriladigan ma’lumot baytlari sonini ko‘rsatish

Belgilangan miqdordagi ping so‘rovlarini yuborish

-c parametri belgilangan miqdordagi ping so‘rovlarini yuborish imkonini beradi.

Bu yuboriladigan paketlar sonini cheklash uchun foydali.

ping -c 4 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.14.206): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=0 ttl=118 time=14.5 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=118 time=14.2 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=118 time=14.3 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=118 time=14.4 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.2/14.3/14.5/0.1 ms

Ping natijalarini tushunish

ping buyrug‘ining natijasi bir nechta muhim ma’lumotlarni beradi:

• Baytlar: Yuborilgan ICMP paketining hajmi
• Vaqt: Paketning xostga yetib borishi va qaytib kelishi uchun ketgan vaqt (borib-qaytish vaqti), millisekundlarda o‘lchanadi
• TTL (Time to Live — yashash vaqti): Paketning qolgan yashash muddati; u har bir oraliq tugundan (hop) o‘tganda bittaga kamayadi
• Paket yo‘qotilishi: Uzatish vaqtida yo‘qolgan paketlar foizi
• Borib-qaytish vaqti statistikasi: Borib-qaytish vaqtlarining minimal, o‘rtacha va maksimal qiymatlari hamda standart og‘ishini o‘z ichiga oladi

Yuqoridagi misolda:

• Har bir paket 64 bayt
• Borib-qaytish vaqtlari biroz farq qiladi, bu tarmoqdagi kechikishni ko‘rsatadi
• TTL qiymati 118 ga teng, bu paketning qolgan yashash muddatini ko‘rsatadi
• Paket yo‘qotilishi 0.0% ni tashkil qiladi, bu ulanish barqaror ekanini ko‘rsatadi
• Borib-qaytish vaqti statistikasi tarmoq unumdorligi haqida tasavvur beradi

Har bir paketni yuborish orasida belgilangan soniya kutish

-i parametri har bir paketni yuborish orasida belgilangan soniya kutish imkonini beradi.

Bu ping buyrug‘idan foydalanganda tarmoq trafigini kamaytirish uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

ping -i 2 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.14.206): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=0 ttl=118 time=14.5 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=118 time=14.2 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.2/14.3/14.5/0.1 ms

IP paketining yashash vaqtini (TTL) belgilash

-t parametri IP paketining yashash vaqtini (TTL — Time to Live) belgilash imkonini beradi.

Bu qiymat paket tashlab yuborilishidan oldin o‘tishi mumkin bo‘lgan oraliq tugunlarning (hop) maksimal sonini belgilaydi.

ping -t 64 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.14.206): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.5 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.5/14.5/14.5/0.0 ms

Jim rejimdagi natija

-q parametri jim rejimni yoqadi: ping natijalarining faqat yakuniy xulosasi ko‘rsatiladi.

Bu skriptlar uchun yoki sizga faqat yakuniy statistika kerak bo‘lganda foydali.

ping -c 4 -q google.com
--- google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.2/14.3/14.5/0.1 ms

Ma’lumot baytlari sonini ko‘rsatish

-s parametri yuboriladigan ma’lumot baytlari sonini ko‘rsatish imkonini beradi.

Bu tarmoq unumdorligini turli o‘lchamdagi paketlar bilan sinab ko‘rish uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

ping -s 128 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.14.206): 128 data bytes
136 bytes from 172.217.14.206: icmp_seq=0 ttl=118 time=14.5 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.5/14.5/14.5/0.0 ms