Server ma’lumotnomasi


ULASHISH

Server obyekti

Node.js-dagi server obyektlari tarmoq serverlarini yaratish uchun ishlatiladi. Turli xil modullar o‘zlarining Server dasturlarini taqdim etadilar:

  • http.Server - HTTP serverlarini yaratish uchun
  • https.Server - HTTPS serverlarini yaratish uchun
  • net.Server - TCP serverlarini yaratish uchun
  • tls.Server - TLS/SSL serverlarini yaratish uchun

Ushbu server obyektlari mijoz ulanishlarini boshqaradi, so‘rovlarni qayta ishlaydi va tegishli protokollariga mos keladigan javoblarni yetkazib beradi.


Umumiy server usullari

Metod Tavsif
server.listen([port][, host][, backlog][, callback]) Server ulanishlarni tinglashni boshlaydi. Callback server bog‘langandan so‘ng amalga oshiriladi.
server.close([callback]) Serverning yangi ulanishlarni qabul qilishini to‘xtatadi. Callback barcha ulanishlar yopilganda chaqiriladi.
server.address() Bog‘langan manzilni, manzil familiyasini va server portini qaytaradi.
server.getConnections(callback) Asinxron ravishda serverdagi bir vaqtda ulanishlar sonini oladi.

Umumiy server hodisalari

Event Tavsif
'close' Server yopilganda ishga tushadi.
'connection' Yangi ulanish o‘rnatilganda ishga tushadi.
'error' Xato yuz berganda ishga tushadi.
'listening' server.listen() chaqirilgandan so‘ng server bog‘langanda (bound) ishga tushadi.

HTTP serveri

Node.js’dagi HTTP server http.createServer() usuli yordamida yaratilgan:

const http = require('http');

// Create an HTTP server
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  // Handle requests
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end('Hello World\n');
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 8080;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${PORT}/`);
});

// Handle server events
server.on('error', (err) => {
  console.error(`Server error: ${err.message}`);
});

server.on('close', () => {
  console.log('Server closed');
});
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HTTPS serveri

HTTPS serveri SSL sertifikatlarini talab qiladi va https.createServer() usuli yordamida yaratilgan:

const https = require('https');
const fs = require('fs');

// SSL options - in a production environment, use properly signed certificates
const options = {
  key: fs.readFileSync('server-key.pem'),  // Path to your key file
  cert: fs.readFileSync('server-cert.pem') // Path to your certificate file
};

// Create an HTTPS server
const server = https.createServer(options, (req, res) => {
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end('Hello Secure World\n');
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 3443;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at https://localhost:${PORT}/`);
});
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TCP server (net.Server)

TCP serveri net.createServer() usuli yordamida yaratiladi:

const net = require('net');

// Create a TCP server
const server = net.createServer((socket) => {
  console.log('Client connected');
  
  // Handle data from client
  socket.on('data', (data) => {
    console.log(`Received: ${data}`);
    socket.write(`Echo: ${data}`);
  });
  
  // Handle client disconnection
  socket.on('end', () => {
    console.log('Client disconnected');
  });
  
  // Handle socket errors
  socket.on('error', (err) => {
    console.error(`Socket error: ${err.message}`);
  });
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 8888;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`TCP server listening on port ${PORT}`);
});

// Get server information after it's listening
server.on('listening', () => {
  const address = server.address();
  console.log(`Server info: ${JSON.stringify(address)}`);
});
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TLS/SSL server

Xavfsiz TLS/SSL server tls.createServer() usuli yordamida yaratiladi:

const tls = require('tls');
const fs = require('fs');

// SSL options
const options = {
  key: fs.readFileSync('server-key.pem'),
  cert: fs.readFileSync('server-cert.pem'),
  
  // Request client certificate (optional)
  requestCert: true,
  
  // Reject connections without certificates (optional)
  rejectUnauthorized: false
};

// Create a TLS server
const server = tls.createServer(options, (socket) => {
  console.log('Client connected securely');
  
  // Check if client provided a certificate
  if (socket.authorized) {
    console.log('Client authorized');
  } else {
    console.log('Client unauthorized');
  }
  
  // Handle data from client
  socket.on('data', (data) => {
    console.log(`Received: ${data}`);
    socket.write(`Secure echo: ${data}`);
  });
  
  // Handle client disconnection
  socket.on('end', () => {
    console.log('Client disconnected');
  });
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 8443;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`TLS server listening on port ${PORT}`);
});
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Marshrutlash bilan HTTP serveri

Asosiy marshrutlash bilan to‘liqroq HTTP serveri:

const http = require('http');
const url = require('url');

// Create an HTTP server with routing
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  // Parse the URL
  const parsedUrl = url.parse(req.url, true);
  const path = parsedUrl.pathname;
  const trimmedPath = path.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '');
  
  // Get the HTTP method
  const method = req.method.toLowerCase();
  
  // Get query parameters
  const queryParams = parsedUrl.query;
  
  // Log the request
  console.log(`Request received: ${method} ${trimmedPath}`);
  
  // Route handler
  let response = {
    status: 404,
    contentType: 'application/json',
    payload: { message: 'Not Found' }
  };
  
  // Basic routing
  if (method === 'get') {
    if (trimmedPath === '') {
      // Home route
      response = {
        status: 200,
        contentType: 'text/html',
        payload: '<h1>Home Page</h1><p>Welcome to the server</p>'
      };
    } else if (trimmedPath === 'api/users') {
      // API route - list users
      response = {
        status: 200,
        contentType: 'application/json',
        payload: {
          users: [
            { id: 1, name: 'John' },
            { id: 2, name: 'Jane' }
          ]
        }
      };
    } else if (trimmedPath.startsWith('api/users/')) {
      // API route - get user by ID
      const userId = trimmedPath.split('/')[2];
      response = {
        status: 200,
        contentType: 'application/json',
        payload: { id: userId, name: `User ${userId}` }
      };
    }
  }
  
  // Return the response
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', response.contentType);
  res.writeHead(response.status);
  
  // Convert payload to string if it's an object
  const payloadString = typeof response.payload === 'object'
    ? JSON.stringify(response.payload)
    : response.payload;
  
  res.end(payloadString);
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 8080;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${PORT}/`);
});
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Serverning kutish vaqti va chegaralari

Serverning kutish vaqti va ulanish chegaralarini sozlash:

const http = require('http');

// Create an HTTP server
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  // Simulating a delayed response
  setTimeout(() => {
    res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end('Response after delay\n');
  }, 2000);
});

// Configure server timeouts
server.timeout = 10000; // 10 seconds (default is 120000 or 2 minutes)
server.keepAliveTimeout = 5000; // 5 seconds (default is 5000)
server.maxHeadersCount = 1000; // Maximum headers count (default is 2000)
server.maxRequestsPerSocket = 100; // Max requests per socket (Node.js 14+)

// Start the server
const PORT = 8080;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server with timeouts configured at http://localhost:${PORT}/`);
  
  // Display the server configuration
  console.log(`Server timeout: ${server.timeout}ms`);
  console.log(`Keep-alive timeout: ${server.keepAliveTimeout}ms`);
  console.log(`Max headers count: ${server.maxHeadersCount}`);
  console.log(`Max requests per socket: ${server.maxRequestsPerSocket || 'N/A'}`);
});
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HTTP/2 server

HTTP/2 serverini yaratish (Node.js v8.4.0 da kiritilgan):

const http2 = require('http2');
const fs = require('fs');

// SSL options for HTTP/2
const options = {
  key: fs.readFileSync('server-key.pem'),
  cert: fs.readFileSync('server-cert.pem')
};

// Create an HTTP/2 server
const server = http2.createSecureServer(options);

// Handle incoming streams
server.on('stream', (stream, headers) => {
  const path = headers[':path'];
  const method = headers[':method'];
  
  console.log(`${method} ${path}`);
  
  // Respond to the request
  stream.respond({
    'content-type': 'text/html',
    ':status': 200
  });
  
  stream.end('<h1>HTTP/2 Server</h1><p>This page was served via HTTP/2</p>');
});

// Start the server
const PORT = 8443;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`HTTP/2 server running at https://localhost:${PORT}/`);
});
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Eng yaxshi amaliyotlar

  1. Xatoni qayta ishlash: Har doim "xato" hodisasini tinglash orqali server xatolarini hal qiling.
  2. Aqlli o‘chirish: server.close() yordamida tegishli o‘chirish tartib-qoidalarini amalga oshiring.
  3. Vaqt tugashi: Resurs tugashining oldini olish uchun tegishli vaqtni sozlang.
  4. Klasterlash: Bir nechta protsessor yadrolaridan foydalanish uchun cluster modulidan foydalaning.
  5. HTTPS/TLS: Ishlab chiqarish ilovalari uchun xavfsiz serverlardan foydalaning.
  6. Ulanish cheklovlari: Serveringiz imkoniyatlaridan kelib chiqqan holda tegishli cheklovlarni o‘rnating.
  7. Monitoring: Ulanishlar, so‘rovlar va javob vaqtlari uchun monitoringni amalga oshirish.

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