Buyruq satri (CLI)

Node.js kuchli buyruq qatori interfeysini (CLI) taqdim etadi. U JavaScript fayllarini ishga tushirish, paketlarni boshqarish, ilovalarni debug qilish va boshqa ko‘p narsalarni bajarish imkonini beradi.

Ushbu qo‘llanma har bir Node.js dasturchisi bilishi kerak bo‘lgan asosiy buyruqlar va texnikalarni qamrab oladi.

Eslatma: Barcha buyruqlar terminalda yoki buyruq satrida bajarilishi kerak.

Windows’da Command Prompt, PowerShell yoki Windows Terminal’dan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

MacOS/Linux-da Terminaldan foydalaning.

Asosiy Node.js buyruqlari

Bular Node.js ilovalari bilan ishlashda foydalanadigan eng keng tarqalgan buyruqlar:

JavaScript faylini ishga tushiring

# Run a JavaScript file
node app.js

# Run with additional arguments
node app.js arg1 arg2

# Run in watch mode (restarts on file changes)
node --watch app.js

REPL dan foydalanish

Node.js REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) JavaScript kodini bajarish uchun mo‘ljallangan interaktiv qobiqdir (shell).

REPL terminalda node ishga tushirilishi bilan boshlanadi:

REPL dan foydalanish

> const name = 'Node.js';
> console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
> .help // Show available commands
> .exit // Exit REPL

Buyruqlar qatori argumentlari

process.argv yordamida buyruq qatori argumentlariga kiring:

Buyruqlar qatori argumentlari

// args.js
console.log('All arguments:', process.argv);
console.log('First argument:', process.argv[2]);
console.log('Second argument:', process.argv[3]);

// Example usage:
// node args.js hello world
// Output:
// All arguments: ['/path/to/node', '/path/to/args.js', 'hello', 'world']
// First argument: hello
// Second argument: world

Muhit o‘zgaruvchilari

Muhit o‘zgaruvchilariga kirish va sozlash:

Muhit o‘zgaruvchilari

// env.js
console.log('Environment:', process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development');
console.log('Custom variable:', process.env.MY_VARIABLE);
console.log('Database URL:', process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'Not set');

// Example usage with environment variables:
// NODE_ENV=production MY_VARIABLE=test node env.js

Muhit o‘zgaruvchilarini o‘rnating

# Set environment variables when running
NODE_ENV=production MY_VARIABLE=test node env.js

Node.js ilovalarida nosozliklarni tuzatish

Node.js Chrome DevTools bilan integratsiyalashgan kuchli debug tizimini o‘z ichiga oladi:

Nosozliklarni tuzatishning asosiy buyruqlari

# Start with inspector (listens on default port 9229)
node --inspect app.js

# Break on first line of application
node --inspect-brk app.js

# Specify a custom port
node --inspect=9222 app.js

# Enable remote debugging (be careful with this in production)
node --inspect=0.0.0.0:9229 app.js

Nosozliklarni tuzatish uchun Chrome DevTools-dan foydalanish

Arizangizni node --inspect app.js bilan boshlang
Chrome brauzerini oching va chrome://inspect ga o‘ting
"Node uchun maxsus DevToolsni ochish" tugmasini bosing.
To‘xtash nuqtalarini o‘rnating va ilovangizni debug qiling

Umumiy CLI vositalari

Node.js bir nechta foydali buyruq qatori vositalari bilan birga keladi:

Node Version Manager (nvm)

# Install and use different Node.js versions
nvm install 18.16.0 # Install specific version
nvm use 18.16.0 # Switch to version
nvm ls # List installed versions

npm (Node Package Manager)

# Common npm commands
npm init # Initialize a new project
npm install # Install dependencies
npm update # Update packages
npm audit # Check for vulnerabilities

Umumiy buyruq qatori bayroqlari

Node.js uning xatti-harakatlarini boshqarish uchun bir nechta buyruq qatori bayroqlarini taqdim etadi. Mana eng foydalilaridan ba’zilari:

Asosiy bayroqlar

# Show Node.js version
node --version # or -v

# Show V8 version
node --v8-options

# Show command-line help
node --help

Ish vaqti harakati

# Check syntax without executing
node --check app.js

# Show stack traces for warnings
node --trace-warnings app.js

# Set max memory (in MB)
node --max-old-space-size=4096 app.js

# Preload a module before execution
node --require dotenv/config app.js

Ishlash va optimallashtirish

# Enable ES module loader
node --experimental-modules app.mjs

# Enable experimental features
node --experimental-repl-await

# Enable experimental worker threads
node --experimental-worker

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