Monitoring va kuzatuv
Kuzatish qobiliyatiga kirish
Node.js ilovalarida kuzatuvchanlik tizim xatti-harakatlarini tushunish uchun ko‘rsatkichlar va jurnallarni to‘plash va tahlil qilishni o‘z ichiga oladi.
Kuzatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan asosiy ustunlar: Ko‘rsatkichlar, jurnallar va izlar (ko‘pincha "kuzatishning uchta ustuni" deb ataladi) tizimingizning sog‘lig‘i va ishlashi haqida turli xil, ammo bir-birini to‘ldiradigan ko‘rinishlarni beradi.
Ilova ko‘rsatkichlari to‘plami
Prometey mijozidan foydalanish
Asosiy ko‘rsatkichlar to‘plami
const express = require('express');
const client = require('prom-client');
// Create a Registry to register the metrics
const register = new client.Registry();
// Add a default label which is added to all metrics
register.setDefaultLabels({
app: 'nodejs-monitoring-demo'
});
// Enable collection of default metrics
client.collectDefaultMetrics({ register });
// Create a custom metric
const httpRequestDurationMicroseconds = new client.Histogram({
name: 'http_request_duration_seconds',
help: 'Duration of HTTP requests in seconds',
labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'code'],
buckets: [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10] // buckets for response time
});
const app = express();
// Custom middleware to track request duration
app.use((req, res, next) => {
const end = httpRequestDurationMicroseconds.startTimer();
res.on('finish', () => {
end({ method: req.method, route: req.path, code: res.statusCode });
});
next();
});
// Expose metrics endpoint
app.get('/metrics', async (req, res) => {
res.set('Content-Type', register.contentType);
res.end(await register.metrics());
});
// Example route
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello, Observability!');
});
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
});
Monitoring uchun asosiy ko‘rsatkichlar
Tizim ko‘rsatkichlari
- CPU foydalanish
- Xotiradan foydalanish (uyma va RSS)
- Voqea davrining kechikishi
- Axlat yig‘ish
- Faol tutqichlar/so‘rovlar
Ilova ko‘rsatkichlari
- So‘rov darajasi va muddati
- Xato stavkalari
- Ma’lumotlar bazasi so‘rovining ishlashi
- Kesh urish/Miss nisbatlari
- Navbat uzunligi
Tarqalgan kuzatuv
Taqsimlangan kuzatuv so‘rovlarni mikroservislar arxitekturasida bir nechta xizmatlar orqali o‘tayotganda kuzatishga yordam beradi.
OpenTelemetry sozlash
// Install required packages
// npm install @opentelemetry/sdk-node @opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-http
// npm install @opentelemetry/exporter-trace-otlp-http
const { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-node');
const { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } = require('@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node');
const { OTLPTraceExporter } = require('@opentelemetry/exporter-trace-otlp-http');
const { Resource } = require('@opentelemetry/resources');
const { SemanticResourceAttributes } = require('@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions');
const sdk = new NodeSDK({
resource: new Resource({
[SemanticResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME]: 'my-service',
[SemanticResourceAttributes.SERVICE_VERSION]: '1.0.0',
}),
traceExporter: new OTLPTraceExporter({
url: 'http://collector:4318/v1/traces',
}),
instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()],
});
sdk.start()
.then(() => console.log('Tracing initialized'))
.catch((error) => console.log('Error initializing tracing', error));
Eng yaxshi amaliyotlar jurnali
Pino bilan tizimlashtirilgan jurnallar
const pino = require('pino');
const express = require('express');
const pinoHttp = require('pino-http');
const logger = pino({
level: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
formatters: {
level: (label) => ({ level: label.toUpperCase() }),
},
});
const app = express();
// HTTP request logging middleware
app.use(pinoHttp({
logger,
customLogLevel: function (res, err) {
if (res.statusCode >= 400 && res.statusCode < 500) {
return 'warn';
} else if (res.statusCode >= 500 || err) {
return 'error';
}
return 'info';
},
}));
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
req.log.info('Processing request');
res.json({ status: 'ok' });
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
logger.info('Server started on port 3000');
});
Jurnalni boyitish
// Add context to logs
app.use((req, res, next) => {
const childLogger = logger.child({
requestId: req.id,
userId: req.user?.id || 'anonymous',
path: req.path,
method: req.method
});
req.log = childLogger;
next();
});
Ogohlantirish va vizualizatsiya
Grafana boshqaruv paneliga misol
Grafana boshqaruv paneli yordamida o‘lchovlaringizni tasavvur qiling. Umumiy ko‘rsatkichlar uchun misol so‘rovlari:
# Node.js Memory Usage (RSS in MB)
process_resident_memory_bytes{job="nodejs"} / 1024 / 1024
# Request Duration (p99 in ms)
histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le)) * 1000
# Error Rate
sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))
Ogohlantirish qoidalari (Prometheus)
groups:
- name: nodejs
rules:
- alert: HighErrorRate
expr: rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]) / rate(http_requests_total[5m]) > 0.05
for: 10m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "High error rate on {{ $labels.instance }}"
Ishlab chiqarish monitoringi vositalari
Ochiq manba
- Prometey + Grafana
- Elasticsearch + Fluentd + Kibana (EFK)
- Jaeger
- Loki
Tijorat
- Datadog
- Yangi qoldiq
- Dynatrace
- AppDynamics
Bulutga moslashgan (Cloud Native) yondashuv
- AWS CloudWatch
- Google Cloud Operations
- Azure Monitor
- OpenTelemetry kollektori
Eng yaxshi amaliyotlar
Qilish
- Izchil formatlar bilan tuzilgan jurnallardan foydalaning
- Tizim va dastur ko‘rsatkichlarini kuzatib boring
- SLO’lar (Service Level Objectives, xizmat darajasi maqsadlari) asosida ogohlantirishlarni sozlang
- Mikroservislar uchun taqsimlangan kuzatuvdan foydalaning
Qilmasligi kerak
- Maxfiy ma’lumotlarni jurnalga kiritmang
- Ko‘rsatkichlarda yuqori kardinallik belgilaridan saqlaning
- Nosozliklarni tuzatish uchun faqat jurnallarga tayanmang
- Ogohlantiruvchi charchoqdan saqlaning - harakat qilish mumkin bo‘lgan ogohlantirishlarga e’tibor qarating
W3Schools Pathfinder
Yutuqlaringizni kuzating – bu bepul!
