interface

Java interface kalit so‘zi

Misol

interface — bog‘liq metodlarni "bo‘sh" tanalar bilan guruhlash uchun ishlatiladigan abstrakt "sinf":

Interfeys metodlariga murojaat qilish uchun interfeys boshqa sinf tomonidan (extends o‘rniga) implements kalit so‘zi yordamida "amalga oshirilishi" (implement — meros olishga o‘xshash) kerak. Interfeys metodining tanasini uni "amalga oshiruvchi" sinf taqdim etadi:

// interface
interface Animal {
  public void animalSound(); // interface method (does not have a body)
  public void sleep(); // interface method (does not have a body)
}

// Pig "implements" the Animal interface
class Pig implements Animal {
  public void animalSound() {
    // The body of animalSound() is provided here
    System.out.println("The pig says: wee wee");
  }
  public void sleep() {
    // The body of sleep() is provided here
    System.out.println("Zzz");
  }
}

class MyMainClass {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Pig myPig = new Pig();  // Create a Pig object
    myPig.animalSound();
    myPig.sleep();
  }
}

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Ta’rif va qo‘llanilishi

interface kalit so‘zi faqat abstrakt metodlarni o‘z ichiga oladigan maxsus turdagi sinfni e’lon qilish uchun ishlatiladi.

Interfeys metodlariga murojaat qilish uchun interfeys boshqa sinf tomonidan (extends o‘rniga) implements kalit so‘zi yordamida "amalga oshirilishi" (meros olishga o‘xshash) kerak. Interfeys metodining tanasini "implement" qiluvchi sinf taqdim etadi.

Interfeyslar haqida eslatmalar:

Undan obyektlar yaratish uchun foydalanib bo‘lmaydi (yuqoridagi misolda MyMainClass ichida "Animal" obyektini yaratish mumkin emas)
Interfeys metodlarining tanasi bo‘lmaydi — tanani "implement" qiluvchi sinf taqdim etadi
Interfeysni amalga oshirishda uning barcha metodlarini qayta aniqlashingiz (override) shart
Interfeys metodlari sukut bo‘yicha abstract va public bo‘ladi
Interfeys atributlari sukut bo‘yicha public, static va final bo‘ladi
Interfeysda konstruktor bo‘lishi mumkin emas (chunki undan obyekt yaratib bo‘lmaydi)

Nima uchun va qachon interfeyslardan foydalanish kerak?

Xavfsizlikni ta’minlash uchun — muayyan tafsilotlarni yashirib, obyektning (interfeysning) faqat muhim tafsilotlarini ko‘rsatish.

Java "ko‘p vorislik" (multiple inheritance) tamoyilini qo‘llab-quvvatlamaydi (sinf faqat bitta ota sinfdan meros olishi mumkin). Biroq bunga interfeyslar yordamida erishish mumkin, chunki sinf bir nechta interfeysni amalga oshira oladi. Eslatma: Bir nechta interfeysni amalga oshirish uchun ularni vergul bilan ajrating (quyidagi misolga qarang).

Bir nechta interfeys

Bir nechta interfeysni amalga oshirish uchun ularni vergul bilan ajrating:

Misol

interface FirstInterface {
  public void myMethod(); // interface method
}

interface SecondInterface {
  public void myOtherMethod(); // interface method
}

// DemoClass "implements" FirstInterface and SecondInterface
class DemoClass implements FirstInterface, SecondInterface {
  public void myMethod() {
    System.out.println("Some text..");
  }
  public void myOtherMethod() {
    System.out.println("Some other text...");
  }
}

class MyMainClass {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    DemoClass myObj = new DemoClass();
    myObj.myMethod();
    myObj.myOtherMethod();
  }
}

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Tegishli sahifalar

Interfeyslar haqida Java interfeys darsligimizda batafsil o‘qing.

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