If operatorlari

If operatorlari dasturingizga qaror qabul qilish imkonini beradi, shunda u vaziyatga qarab turli ishlarni bajara oladi.

If operatori nima?

If operatori shart rost (true) bo‘lsa, kod blokini bajaradi.

Biz hayotda ham shunga o‘xshash ishlarni qilamiz: masalan, yomg‘ir yog‘sa soyabon olamiz yoki sovuq bo‘lsa palto kiyamiz.

Quyidagi oddiy o‘yinda if operatori qanday ishlashini ko‘ring. Maqsad — zar tashlaganda 6 tushirish.

O‘yin zar natijasiga qarab turlicha harakat qilishi uchun zar natijasi 6 ekanini tekshiradigan shart bilan if dan foydalanamiz.

Agar shart rost bo‘lsa, "You got 6!" deb chiqaramiz va konfettini ishga tushiramiz. Agar shart rost bo‘lmasa, "Try again" deb chiqaramiz.

O‘yinning blok-sxemasi va Python kodi quyida keltirilgan:

Zar 6 bo‘lmagan holatni ham qayta ishlab, "Try again" deb yozish uchun yuqoridagi kodda else dan foydalanishimiz shart.

Zar tashlash kodini amalda ko‘rish uchun quyidagi "Misolni ishga tushirish" tugmasini bosing.

dice = random.randint(1,6)
print('You rolled a ' + str(dice))

if dice == 6:
  print('You got 6!🥳')
else:
  print('Try again')

const dice = Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1;
console.log('You rolled a ' + dice);

if (dice == 6) {
  console.log('You got 6!🥳');
} else {
  console.log('Try again');
}

int dice = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
System.out.println("You rolled a " + dice);

if (dice == 6) {
  System.out.println("You got 6!🥳");
} else {
  System.out.println("Try again");
}

int dice = rand() % 6 + 1;
cout << "You rolled a " + to_string(dice) + "\\n";

if (dice == 6) {
  cout << "You got 6!🥳\\n";
} else {
  cout << "Try again\\n";
}

Misolni ishga tushirish »

If operatoridan qachon foydalanish kerak?

Dasturingiz vaziyatga qarab turlicha ish bajarishini istasangiz, if operatoridan foydalanishingiz kerak.

Masalan, foydalanuvchi to‘g‘ri parol kiritganda dasturingiz "Welcome!", noto‘g‘ri parol kiritganda esa "Access denied" deb chiqarishini istasangiz, if operatoridan foydalanishingiz kerak.

If, Else va Else If

If operatori har doim if bilan boshlanadi.

If operatorida nol yoki bir nechta else if va nol yoki bitta else bo‘lishi mumkin.

Agar else mavjud bo‘lsa, u barcha else if bloklaridan keyin, eng oxirida kelishi shart.

else operatori kod bloklaridan bittasi (va faqat bittasi) bajarilishini ta’minlaydi.

Ba’zan bitta if ishlatishning o‘zi yetarli, masalan:

age = 32
print('Age: ' + str(age))

if age > 17:
  print('You are an adult!')

const age = 32;
console.log('Age: ' + age);

if (age > 17) {
  console.log('You are an adult!');
}

int age = 32;
System.out.println("Age: " + age);

if (age > 17) {
  System.out.println("You are an adult!");
}

int age = 32;
cout << "Age: " + to_string(age) + "\\n";

if (age > 17) {
  cout << "You are an adult!\\n";
}

Misolni ishga tushirish »

Lekin odatda shart rost bo‘lmagan holatni ham qayta ishlashni xohlaymiz, shuning uchun buning uchun else operatoridan foydalanamiz.

age = 10
print('Age: ' + str(age))

if age > 17:
  print('You are an adult!')
else:
  print('You are not an adult yet.')

const age = 10;
console.log('Age: ' + age);

if (age > 17) {
  console.log('You are an adult!');
} else {
  console.log('You are not an adult yet.');
}

int age = 10;
System.out.println("Age: " + age);

if (age > 17) {
  System.out.println("You are an adult!");
} else {
  System.out.println("You are not an adult yet.");
}

int age = 10;
cout << "Age: " + to_string(age) + "\\n";

if (age > 17) {
  cout << "You are an adult!\\n";
} else {
  cout << "You are not an adult yet.\\n";
}

Misolni ishga tushirish »

else ga tegishli kod bloki faqat if dagi shart yolg‘on (false) bo‘lgandagina bajariladi.

Shuningdek, bir nechta shartni tekshirish uchun else if dan foydalanishimiz mumkin, shunda ikkitadan ortiq natijaga ega bo‘lamiz.

age = 15
print('Age: ' + str(age))

if age < 13:
  print('You are a child')
elif age < 20:
  print('You are a teenager')
else:
  print('You are an adult')

const age = 15;
console.log('Age: ' + age);

if (age < 13) {
  console.log('You are a child');
} else if (age < 20) {
  console.log('You are a teenager');
} else {
  console.log('You are an adult');
}

int age = 15;
System.out.println("Age: " + age);

if (age < 13) {
  System.out.println("You are a child");
} else if (age < 20) {
  System.out.println("You are a teenager");
} else {
  System.out.println("You are an adult");
}

int age = 15;
cout << "Age: " + to_string(age) + "\\n";

if (age < 13) {
  cout << "You are a child";
} else if (age < 20) {
  cout << "You are a teenager";
} else {
  cout << "You are an adult";
}

Misolni ishga tushirish »

Sizda faqat bitta if operatori va faqat bitta else operatori bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin else if operatorlari xohlagancha bo‘lishi mumkin.

Shuningdek, if har doim birinchi, else har doim oxirgi keladi, else if operatorlari esa ularning orasida joylashadi.

Ichma-ich if operatorlari

Ichma-ich if operatori — bu boshqa if operatori ichidagi if operatori.

Ichma-ich if operatorlari biror shartni faqat boshqa shart rost bo‘lgandagina tekshirmoqchi bo‘lgan holatlarda foydali.

age = 19
print('Age: ' + str(age))

if age < 13:
  print('You are a child')
elif age < 20:
  print('You are a teenager')
  if age > 17:
    print('and an adult!') 
else:
  print('You are an adult')

const age = 19;
console.log('Age: ' + age);

if (age < 13) {
  console.log('You are a child');
} else if (age < 20) {
  console.log('You are a teenager');
  if (age > 17) {
    console.log('and an adult!');
  } 
} else {
  console.log('You are an adult');
}

int age = 19;
System.out.println("Age: " + age);

if (age < 13) {
  System.out.println("You are a child");
} else if (age < 20) {
  System.out.println("You are a teenager");
  if (age > 17) {
    System.out.println("and an adult!");
  } 
} else {
  System.out.println("You are an adult");
}

int age = 19;
cout << "Age: " + to_string(age) + "\n";

if (age < 13) {
  cout << "You are a child";
} else if (age < 20) {
  cout << "You are a teenager";
  if (age > 17) {
    cout << "\nand an adult!";
  } 
} else {
  cout << "You are an adult";
}

Misolni ishga tushirish »

Yuqoridagi kodda ichma-ich if operatori siz ham o‘smir, ham voyaga yetgan hisoblanadigan 18 va 19 yoshdagi maxsus holatni ajratib olish imkonini beradi.

Yosh

Yuqoridagi blok-sxemada age > 17 uchun kod bloki faqat age 18 yoki 19 bo‘lgandagina bajarilishini ko‘rishimiz mumkin.

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