HTML bilan tanishuv

HTML — veb-sahifalar yaratish uchun standart belgilash (markup) tilidir.

HTML nima?

HTML — Hyper Text Markup Language (Gipermatn belgilash tili) so‘zining qisqartmasi
HTML — veb-sahifalar yaratish uchun standart belgilash tili
HTML veb-sahifaning tuzilmasini tavsiflaydi
HTML bir qator elementlardan tashkil topgan
HTML elementlari brauzerga mazmunni qanday ko‘rsatishni aytadi
HTML elementlari mazmun bo‘laklarini belgilaydi, masalan "bu sarlavha", "bu paragraf", "bu havola" va h.k.

Sodda HTML hujjati

Misol

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

O‘zingiz sinab ko‘ring »

Misol tahlili

<!DOCTYPE html> deklaratsiyasi bu hujjatning HTML5 hujjati ekanini belgilaydi
<html> elementi — HTML sahifaning root elementi
<head> elementi HTML sahifa haqidagi meta ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga oladi
<title> elementi HTML sahifa uchun sarlavha belgilaydi (u brauzerning sarlavha qatorida yoki sahifa varag‘ida ko‘rsatiladi)
<body> elementi hujjatning mazmunini (body) aniqlaydi va sarlavhalar, paragraflar, rasmlar, giperhavolalar, jadvallar, ro‘yxatlar va h.k. kabi barcha ko‘rinadigan mazmunlar uchun idishdir.
<h1> elementi katta sarlavhani aniqlaydi
<p> elementi paragrafni aniqlaydi

HTML elementi nima?

HTML elementi boshlang‘ich teg, biror mazmun va yakuniy teg bilan aniqlanadi:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

HTML elementi — bu boshlang‘ich tegdan yakuniy teggacha bo‘lgan hammasi:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>mening birinchi paragrafim.</p>

Start tag	Element content	End tag
<h1>	My First Heading	</h1>
<p>	My first paragraph.	</p>
<br>	none	none

Eslatma: ayrim HTML elementlarida kontent bo‘lmaydi (masalan, <br> elementi). Bunday elementlar bo‘sh elementlar deb ataladi. Bo‘sh elementlarning yopuvchi tegi bo‘lmaydi!

Veb-brauzerlar

Veb-brauzerning (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) maqsadi HTML hujjatlarni o‘qish va ularni to‘g‘ri ko‘rsatishdir.

Brauzer HTML teglarini ko‘rsatmaydi, lekin ulardan hujjatni qanday ko‘rsatishni belgilashda foydalanadi:

View in Browser

HTML sahifa tuzilmasi

Quyida HTML sahifa tuzilmasining vizual ko‘rinishi:

<html>

<head>

<title>Page title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Eslatma: <body> bo‘limidagi kontent brauzerda ko‘rsatiladi. <title> elementidagi matn esa brauzerning sarlavha satrida yoki sahifa varag‘ida ko‘rsatiladi.

HTML tarixi

World Wide Web’ning ilk kunlaridan beri HTML’ning ko‘p versiyalari chiqdi:

Year	Versiya
1989	Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991	Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993	Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995	HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997	W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2
1999	W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01
2000	W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0
2008	WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012	WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014	W3C Recommendation: HTML5
2016	W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1
2017	W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017	W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2

Bu darslik eng so‘nggi HTML5 standartiga amal qiladi.

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